Product Description
Product Description
Roller Chains – ANSI, BS/DN, Anti-Corrosive and Attachment Types
Roller chains are important components and accessories in the whole conveyor belt system. They are used combined with roller sprockets as drive system to ensure the stable and smooth conveying and transmitting. We can supply all kinds of roller chains for you. Just refer to the following introduction, and decide which 1 is suitable for you. As for the detailed specifications, you can get them in 3 ways:
ANSI standard roller chains are the most widely used power transmission chains in the USA. A true powerhouse in precision & quality, the Nitro ANSI chains are built to handle a broad range of applications across many industries. Rigorous quality standards ensures every chain consistently adheres to our requirements for strength and dependability. ANSI chains come in a several options including multiple strands for applications with higher horsepower requirements.
| Chain Number | Pitch | Inner Width | Roller Diameter | Overall Width | Pin Diameter | Plate Height | Plate Thickness |
| # | P | b1 | d1 | L | d2 | h2 | T |
| 25-1* | 1/4 | 1/8 | 0.130 | 0.311 | 0.091 | 0.228 | 0.030 |
| 35-1* | 3/8 | 3/16 | 0.200 | 0.488 | 0.141 | 0.346 | 0.050 |
| 40-1 | 1/2 | 5/16 | 0.312 | 0.653 | 0.156 | 0.469 | 0.060 |
| 41-1 | 1/2 | 1/4 | 0.306 | 0.541 | 0.141 | 0.390 | 0.050 |
| 50-1 | 5/8 | 3/8 | 0.400 | 0.815 | 0.200 | 0.585 | 0.080 |
| 60-1 | 3/4 | 1/2 | 0.469 | 1.571 | 0.234 | 0.709 | 0.094 |
| 80-1 | 1 | 5/8 | 0.625 | 1.287 | 0.312 | 0.949 | 0.125 |
| 100-1 | 1-1/4 | 3/4 | 0.750 | 1.590 | 0.375 | 1.188 | 0.156 |
| 120-1 | 1-1/2 | 1 | 0.875 | 1.980 | 0.437 | 1.425 | 0.187 |
| 140-1 | 1-3/4 | 1 | 1.000 | 2.141 | 0.500 | 1.663 | 0.219 |
| 160-1 | 2 | 1-1/4 | 1.125 | 2.551 | 0.562 | 1.889 | 0.250 |
| 180-1 | 2-1/4 | 1-13/32 | 1.406 | 2.866 | 0.687 | 2.047 | 0.281 |
| 200-1 | 2-1/2 | 1-1/2 | 1.562 | 3.161 | 0.781 | 2.375 | 0.312 |
| 240-1 | 3 | 1-7/8 | 1.875 | 3.760 | 0.937 | 2.791 | 0.375 |
Incorporating links that are twice as long as standard roller chains, the roller chain is intended for long drives, low-to-moderate-speed applications, and uses sprockets with at least 24 teeth. They have been produced with thicker sides plates in order to handle higher working loads than standard chains. With a more robust side plate, heavy roller chains maintain their strength and stability over longer periods of time.
Hollow pin roller chain is essentially the same thing as a standard roller chain just with “hollow-pins”. This not only decreases the chain weight, but it also gives you the ability to place extended pins through the chain for conveying product. Many applications include; bakeries, overhead conveyors, elevators, poultry, agricultural, and a wide range of other applications.
| Size | Pitch (P) | (W) | (R) | (D) | (d) | Hollow Pin Length | (F) | (H) | (T) | Weight |
| 40HP | 0.500″ | 0.313″ | 0.312″ | 0.221″ | 0.157″ | 0.689″ | 0.689″ | 0.472″ | 0.059″ | 0.35 LBS/ FT |
| 50HP | 0.625″ | 0.375″ | 0.400″ | 0.283″ | 0.202″ | 0.854″ | 0.854″ | 0.591″ | 0.079″ | 0.58 LBS/ FT |
| 60HP | 0.750″ | 0.500″ | 0.469″ | 0.333″ | 0.236″ | 1.055″ | 1.055″ | 0.713″ | 0.094″ | 0.81 LBS/ FT |
| 80HP | 1.000″ | 0.625″ | 0.625″ | 0.449″ | 0.318″ | 1.276″ | 1.276″ | 0.950″ | 0.125″ | 1.46 LBS/ FT |
|
| Size | Pitch (P) | (K) | (W) | (R) | (D) | (F) | (T1) | (T2) | (H) | Weight (LBS/ FT) | ||
| 04B-2 | 0.236″ | 0.217″ | 0.110″ | 0.158″ | 0.073″ | 0.524″ | — | — | 0.197″ | 0.154 | ||
| 05B-2 | 0.315″ | 0.222″ | 0.118″ | 0.197″ | 0.091″ | 0.571″ | — | — | 0.280″ | |||
| 06B-2 | 0.375″ | 0.403″ | 0.225″ | 0.250″ | 0.129″ | 0.941″ | 0.039″ | 0.051″ | 0.323″ | 0.496 | ||
| 08B-2 | 0.500″ | 0.548″ | 0.305″ | 0.335″ | 0.175″ | 1.260″ | 0.059″ | 0.059″ | 0.469″ | 0.872 | ||
| 10B-2 | 0.625″ | 0.653″ | 0.380″ | 0.400″ | 0.200″ | 1.457″ | 0.059″ | 0.059″ | 0.579″ | 1.127 | ||
| 12B-2 | 0.750″ | 0.766″ | 0.460″ | 0.475″ | 0.225″ | 1.697″ | 0.071″ | 0.071″ | 0.634″ | 1.529 | ||
| 16B-2 | 1.000″ | 1.255″ | 0.670″ | 0.625″ | 0.326″ | 2.756″ | 0.126″ | 0.157″ | 0.819″ | 3.433 | ||
| 20B-2 | 1.250″ | 1.435″ | 0.770″ | 0.750″ | 0.401″ | 3.169″ | 0.138″ | 0.177″ | 1.571″ | 5.076 | ||
| 24B-2 | 1.500″ | 1.904″ | 1.000″ | 1.000″ | 0.576″ | 4.217″ | 0.197″ | 0.236″ | 1.224″ | 9.321 | ||
| 28B-2 | 1.750″ | 2.345″ | 1.220″ | 1.100″ | 0.626″ | 5.083″ | — | — | 1.457″ | 11.09 | ||
| 32B-2 | 2.000″ | 2.305″ | 1.220″ | 1.150″ | 0.701″ | 5.102″ | — | — | 1.662″ | 14.571 | ||
| 40B-2 | 2.500″ | 2.846″ | 1.500″ | 1.550″ | 0.901″ | 6.358″ | — | — | 2.083″ | 21.378 | ||
| 48B-2 | 3.000″ | 3.599″ | 1.800″ | 1.900″ | 1.151″ | 7.803″ | — | — | 2.512″ | 33.4 | ||
| 56B-2 | 3.500″ | 4.197″ | 2.100″ | 2.125″ | 1.351″ | 9.039″ | — | — | 3.063″ | 46.765 |
Certifications
/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| Type: | Metal Conveyor Belt |
|---|---|
| Material: | Metal |
| Inside Material: | Metal |
| Samples: |
US$ 5/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | Order Sample Building Material Shops
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| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}
|
Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
|---|
| Payment Method: |
|
|---|---|
|
Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
|---|
| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
|---|
Can a conveyor chain be used in pharmaceutical manufacturing?
Yes, conveyor chains can be used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for various applications. Conveyor systems play a crucial role in the efficient and safe transportation of pharmaceutical products throughout the manufacturing process. Here are some key considerations when using conveyor chains in pharmaceutical manufacturing:
1. Material Selection:
– Choose conveyor chains made from materials that are suitable for pharmaceutical applications, such as stainless steel or FDA-approved plastic. These materials offer corrosion resistance, cleanliness, and compliance with industry regulations.
2. Cleanliness and Sanitation:
– Ensure that the conveyor chain design allows for easy cleaning and sanitation. Smooth surfaces, minimal crevices, and access for cleaning equipment are important to maintain a hygienic environment.
3. Contamination Control:
– Implement measures to prevent contamination of pharmaceutical products. This includes using chain lubricants that are safe for pharmaceutical applications and implementing proper handling and storage procedures.
4. Product Protection:
– Choose conveyor chain systems that minimize product damage or degradation. This can include utilizing gentle product handling features such as low-friction surfaces, adjustable speed controls, and proper product spacing.
5. Regulatory Compliance:
– Ensure that the conveyor chain system complies with pharmaceutical industry regulations and guidelines, such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the requirements of regulatory bodies like the FDA.
6. Integration with Equipment:
– Consider the integration of conveyor chains with other equipment in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process, such as labeling machines, filling machines, and packaging equipment. The conveyor system should provide seamless operation and synchronization with these machines.
By carefully selecting and designing conveyor chains specifically for pharmaceutical manufacturing, it is possible to meet the stringent requirements of the industry in terms of cleanliness, product integrity, and regulatory compliance.
How does a conveyor chain contribute to overall production efficiency?
A conveyor chain plays a crucial role in enhancing overall production efficiency in various industries. Here are the ways in which it contributes to efficiency:
1. Continuous Material Flow: A conveyor chain enables continuous and uninterrupted material flow from one point to another. It eliminates the need for manual handling or transportation of goods, reducing downtime and delays in production processes.
2. Increased Throughput: By automating material handling, a conveyor chain enables faster and more efficient movement of goods. It allows for higher throughput and production rates, maximizing the utilization of resources and reducing cycle times.
3. Improved Productivity: With a conveyor chain, employees can focus on value-added tasks rather than manual material handling. This leads to improved productivity as workers can concentrate on more skilled and critical operations.
4. Efficient Resource Allocation: A well-designed conveyor chain system optimizes the utilization of space, allowing for efficient layout and organization of production areas. It helps in streamlining workflow and minimizing wastage of resources such as floor space, manpower, and equipment.
5. Quality Control: Conveyor chains can be integrated with inspection stations or automated processes to ensure quality control at various stages of production. This helps in detecting and rectifying any defects or inconsistencies, reducing the chances of faulty products reaching the market.
6. Reduced Material Handling Costs: By eliminating or minimizing manual material handling, a conveyor chain reduces labor costs associated with transportation, lifting, and carrying of goods. It also minimizes the risk of injuries or accidents related to manual handling.
7. Flexibility and Adaptability: Conveyor chains can be customized to suit specific production requirements. They can be designed to accommodate different types of products, handle various load capacities, and adapt to changes in production demands. This flexibility allows for seamless integration with existing production systems and easy scalability.
8. Safety and Ergonomics: Conveyor chains incorporate safety features such as guards, emergency stop buttons, and interlocks to ensure worker safety. They also promote ergonomic practices by reducing physical strain on workers and minimizing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
Overall, a well-designed and properly maintained conveyor chain system enhances production efficiency by optimizing material flow, increasing throughput, improving productivity, reducing costs, ensuring quality control, and prioritizing worker safety.
What are the maintenance requirements for a conveyor chain?
Maintaining a conveyor chain is essential to ensure its smooth operation and prolong its lifespan. Here are some key maintenance requirements for a conveyor chain:
- Regular Cleaning: Clean the conveyor chain regularly to remove dirt, debris, and contaminants that can contribute to chain wear and reduce performance. Use appropriate cleaning agents and tools to avoid damaging the chain.
- Lubrication: Apply the recommended lubricant to the conveyor chain according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Lubrication helps reduce friction, minimize wear, and prevent corrosion.
- Tension Adjustment: Check the tension of the conveyor chain regularly and adjust it if necessary. Proper tension ensures smooth operation and prevents issues like chain slipping or excessive wear.
- Inspection: Conduct regular inspections of the conveyor chain to identify any signs of wear, damage, or misalignment. Look for issues such as worn sprockets, elongation, bent or damaged links, and loose connections. Address any problems promptly to prevent further damage.
- Replace Worn Components: If any components of the conveyor chain, such as links, pins, or sprockets, are excessively worn or damaged, they should be replaced. Using worn components can compromise the chain’s performance and lead to failure.
- Alignment: Ensure proper alignment of the conveyor chain by checking the alignment of sprockets, idlers, and other components. Misalignment can cause uneven wear and increase the risk of chain failure.
- Training and Education: Provide proper training to personnel responsible for operating and maintaining the conveyor chain. They should understand the maintenance requirements, safety protocols, and best practices to ensure effective and safe operation.
Following these maintenance requirements will help keep the conveyor chain in optimal condition, minimize downtime, and ensure safe and efficient material handling.
editor by CX 2024-04-25
China OEM Stainless Steel Carbon Steel Short Pitch Sprocket Bearing Gear Conveyor Chain with Extended Pin Plate Precision Roller Chain (A series) Transmission Parts
Product Description
| Model NO. | 06C/08A/10A/12A/16A/20A/24A/28A/32A/40A/06B/08B/10B/12B/16B/20B/24B/28B/32B/40B-1/2/3 Heavy duty |
| Chain Model | Roller Chains |
| Structure (for Chain) | Roller Chain |
| Specification | GB/T, DIN, ANSI, ISO, BS, JIS. |
| Origin | HangZhou, ZheJiang |
| Color | Solid Color |
| Chain Color | Customized |
Our company
Wolff Chain Co. is 1 of the professional chain manufacturers in China. We focus on reseaching, manufacturing and trading of the chain drive with famous brands — “DOVON” and “DECHO”. We supply OEM services for many famous enterprises such as SUZUKI, XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS., FAW, AGCO, JUMING as well.
Wolff mainly producing the Transmission chains,Conveyor chains,Dragging Chains,Silent chains,Leaf chains,Roller chains,Special chain and many other series of chain products. Our technicians a have improved the chains quality to the world-level. High quality material selection, powerful and precise heat-treatment technology and excellent assembly methods ensure Wolff chains meet the tough and strict requirements for machines and vehicles.
All of our products completely conform to the international standard such as ISO\DIN\ANSI\BS\JIS, etc. Wolff has been successfully certified by ISO9001 Quality Management System,SGS inspection and BV inspection. Wolff chains can be widely applied to many industries including automobile, motorcycle, forklift, wood processing machine, constructure machine, packing machine, food machine,tobacco machine and agricultural equipments. Wolff chains are popular in America,South America,Europe,Middle East, South East Asia and Africa markets.
Our workshop
Our certification
Welcome to our exhibition
FAQ
Q1. What is your terms of packing?
A: Generally, we pack our goods in single color box. If you have special request about packing, pls negotiate with us in advance, we can pack the goods as your request.
Q2. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We’ll show you the photos of the products and packages
before you pay the balance. Other payments terms, pls negotiate with us in advance, we can discuss.
Q3. What is your terms of delivery?
A: EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF.
Q4. How about your delivery time?
A: Generally, it will take 25 to 30 days after receiving your advance payment. The specific delivery time depends
on the items and the quantity of your order.
Q5. Can you produce according to the samples?
A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.
Q6. What is your sample policy?
A: We can supply the sample if we have ready parts in stock, but the customers have to pay the sample cost and
the courier cost.We welcome sample order.
Q7. Do you test all your goods before delivery?
A: Yes, we have 100% test before delivery
Q8: How do you make our business long-term and good relationship?
1. We keep good quality and competitive price to ensure our customers benefit ;
2. We respect every customer as our friend and we sincerely do business and make friends with them,
/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| Standard or Nonstandard: | Standard |
|---|---|
| Application: | Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Food Machinery, Marine, Mining Equipment |
| Surface Treatment: | Oil Blooming |
| Structure: | Roller Chain |
| Material: | Carbon Steel |
| Type: | Short Pitch Chain |
| Samples: |
US$ 0/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Can a conveyor chain be used in high-speed applications?
Yes, a conveyor chain can be used in high-speed applications depending on the design and specifications of the chain and the conveyor system. However, there are certain factors to consider when using a conveyor chain in high-speed applications:
1. Chain Design: The design of the conveyor chain should be capable of handling high speeds without compromising safety or performance. Specialized high-speed chains are available that are specifically engineered to withstand the demands of high-speed applications.
2. Material Selection: The material used in the construction of the conveyor chain should have high strength and durability to withstand the forces and stresses at high speeds. Common materials for high-speed conveyor chains include alloy steels, stainless steel, and special polymers.
3. Lubrication: Proper lubrication is crucial in high-speed applications to reduce friction, heat, and wear. Lubricants specifically designed for high-speed conveyor chains should be used to ensure smooth operation and extend the chain’s lifespan.
4. Tensioning and Alignment: Accurate tensioning and alignment of the conveyor chain are critical for high-speed applications. Proper tensioning helps to maintain the chain’s stability and prevent excessive vibrations or elongation, which can lead to chain failure or premature wear.
5. Safety Considerations: High-speed applications require additional safety measures to protect personnel and equipment. Proper guarding, emergency stop systems, and regular maintenance inspections are essential to ensure safe operation.
It’s important to consult the conveyor chain manufacturer or an engineering professional to determine the suitability of a specific chain for high-speed applications. They can provide guidance on selecting the appropriate chain design, material, lubrication, and maintenance practices to ensure reliable and efficient operation at high speeds.
What are the benefits of using stainless steel conveyor chains?
Stainless steel conveyor chains offer several advantages over other types of chains. Here are some of the key benefits:
1. Corrosion Resistance: Stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion, making it suitable for applications in harsh environments or industries where frequent washdowns or exposure to moisture is required. It does not rust or corrode like other metals, ensuring a longer lifespan and reliable performance.
2. Strength and Durability: Stainless steel chains are known for their high strength and durability. They can withstand heavy loads, high temperatures, and abrasive materials without deformation or breakage. This makes them ideal for heavy-duty applications where reliability and longevity are crucial.
3. Hygienic and Sanitary: Stainless steel is a non-porous material that is easy to clean and maintain. It is resistant to bacteria, mold, and other contaminants, making it suitable for industries with strict hygiene requirements such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices. Stainless steel chains can be thoroughly cleaned and sanitized, reducing the risk of product contamination.
4. Temperature Resistance: Stainless steel chains can withstand a wide range of temperatures, both high and low. They exhibit excellent heat resistance, allowing them to maintain their strength and performance even in extreme temperature conditions.
5. Aesthetic Appeal: Stainless steel chains have a sleek and polished appearance, adding a professional and aesthetic touch to the conveyor system. They are commonly used in industries where visual appeal and brand representation are important, such as retail or luxury goods.
6. Chemical Resistance: Stainless steel is resistant to various chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and solvents. This makes it suitable for applications where contact with corrosive substances is likely.
7. Compatibility with High-Speed Applications: Stainless steel chains can withstand high-speed operations without compromising their structural integrity or performance. They maintain their stability and accuracy even at elevated speeds.
Overall, stainless steel conveyor chains offer corrosion resistance, strength, durability, hygienic properties, temperature resistance, aesthetic appeal, chemical resistance, and compatibility with high-speed applications. These benefits make them a preferred choice in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, automotive, and manufacturing, where reliability, cleanliness, and performance are essential.
What are the main components of a conveyor chain?
The main components of a conveyor chain include:
- Chain Links: Chain links are the individual components that make up the conveyor chain. They are typically made of metal and are connected to form a continuous loop. The design and configuration of the chain links can vary depending on the specific application and load requirements.
- Pins: Pins are the cylindrical components that hold the chain links together. They are inserted through the end of each chain link to create a solid connection. Pins are usually made of hardened steel to withstand the forces and friction within the conveyor system.
- Sprockets: Sprockets are toothed wheels that engage with the chain links and provide the driving force to move the conveyor chain. They are typically made of durable materials such as steel or plastic and are designed to match the pitch and profile of the conveyor chain. Sprockets come in various sizes and configurations depending on the desired speed and load capacity of the conveyor system.
- Guide Rails: Guide rails are stationary components installed along the conveyor path to guide and support the movement of the conveyor chain. They help maintain proper alignment and prevent the chain from derailing or deviating from its intended path.
- Tensioners: Tensioners are devices used to maintain the proper tension in the conveyor chain. They ensure that the chain remains taut and engaged with the sprockets, preventing slack or excessive sagging. Tensioners can be adjusted to accommodate variations in chain length and to compensate for wear over time.
- Attachments and Accessories: Depending on the specific application, conveyor chains may include various attachments and accessories. These can include cleats, flights, buckets, or other devices that aid in the movement and handling of specific types of materials. These attachments are typically secured to the chain links at specific intervals or locations.
The combination of these components creates a robust and reliable conveyor chain system capable of efficiently transporting materials in a wide range of industrial applications.
editor by CX 2024-03-29
China Custom 40-1r 50-1r 60-1r 80-1r 08b 10b 12b 16b 20b ISO/ANSI British Standard Customized OEM Short Long Pitch Plate Bush Industrial Transmission Conveyor Roller Chain
Product Description
| Model NO. | 06C/08A/10A/12A/16A/20A/24A/28A/32A/40A/06B/08B/10B/12B/16B/20B/24B/28B/32B/40B-1/2/3 Heavy duty |
| Chain Model | Roller Chains |
| Structure (for Chain) | Roller Chain |
| Specification | GB/T, DIN, ANSI, ISO, BS, JIS. |
| Origin | HangZhou, ZheJiang |
| Color | Solid Color |
| Chain Color | Customized |
Our company
Wolff Chain Co. is 1 of the professional chain manufacturers in China. We focus on reseaching, manufacturing and trading of the chain drive with famous brands — “DOVON” and “DECHO”. We supply OEM services for many famous enterprises such as SUZUKI, XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS., FAW, AGCO, JUMING as well.
Wolff mainly producing the Transmission chains,Conveyor chains,Dragging Chains,Silent chains,Leaf chains,Roller chains,Special chain and many other series of chain products. Our technicians a have improved the chains quality to the world-level. High quality material selection, powerful and precise heat-treatment technology and excellent assembly methods ensure Wolff chains meet the tough and strict requirements for machines and vehicles.
All of our products completely conform to the international standard such as ISO\DIN\ANSI\BS\JIS, etc. Wolff has been successfully certified by ISO9001 Quality Management System,SGS inspection and BV inspection. Wolff chains can be widely applied to many industries including automobile, motorcycle, forklift, wood processing machine, constructure machine, packing machine, food machine,and agricultural equipments. Wolff chains are popular in America,South America,Europe,Middle East, South East Asia and Africa markets.
Our workshop
Our certification
Welcome to our exhibition
FAQ
Q1. What is your terms of packing?
A: Generally, we pack our goods in single color box. If you have special request about packing, pls negotiate with us in advance, we can pack the goods as your request.
Q2. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We’ll show you the photos of the products and packages
before you pay the balance. Other payments terms, pls negotiate with us in advance, we can discuss.
Q3. What is your terms of delivery?
A: EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF.
Q4. How about your delivery time?
A: Generally, it will take 25 to 30 days after receiving your advance payment. The specific delivery time depends
on the items and the quantity of your order.
Q5. Can you produce according to the samples?
A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.
Q6. What is your sample policy?
A: We can supply the sample if we have ready parts in stock, but the customers have to pay the sample cost and
the courier cost.We welcome sample order.
Q7. Do you test all your goods before delivery?
A: Yes, we have 100% test before delivery
Q8: How do you make our business long-term and good relationship?
1. We keep good quality and competitive price to ensure our customers benefit ;
2. We respect every customer as our friend and we sincerely do business and make friends with them,
| Standard or Nonstandard: | Standard |
|---|---|
| Application: | Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Food Machinery, Marine, Mining Equipment |
| Surface Treatment: | Oil Blooming |
| Samples: |
US$ 0/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | Order Sample |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}
|
Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
|---|
| Payment Method: |
|
|---|---|
|
Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
|---|
| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
|---|
Can a conveyor chain be used in pharmaceutical manufacturing?
Yes, conveyor chains can be used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for various applications. Conveyor systems play a crucial role in the efficient and safe transportation of pharmaceutical products throughout the manufacturing process. Here are some key considerations when using conveyor chains in pharmaceutical manufacturing:
1. Material Selection:
– Choose conveyor chains made from materials that are suitable for pharmaceutical applications, such as stainless steel or FDA-approved plastic. These materials offer corrosion resistance, cleanliness, and compliance with industry regulations.
2. Cleanliness and Sanitation:
– Ensure that the conveyor chain design allows for easy cleaning and sanitation. Smooth surfaces, minimal crevices, and access for cleaning equipment are important to maintain a hygienic environment.
3. Contamination Control:
– Implement measures to prevent contamination of pharmaceutical products. This includes using chain lubricants that are safe for pharmaceutical applications and implementing proper handling and storage procedures.
4. Product Protection:
– Choose conveyor chain systems that minimize product damage or degradation. This can include utilizing gentle product handling features such as low-friction surfaces, adjustable speed controls, and proper product spacing.
5. Regulatory Compliance:
– Ensure that the conveyor chain system complies with pharmaceutical industry regulations and guidelines, such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and the requirements of regulatory bodies like the FDA.
6. Integration with Equipment:
– Consider the integration of conveyor chains with other equipment in the pharmaceutical manufacturing process, such as labeling machines, filling machines, and packaging equipment. The conveyor system should provide seamless operation and synchronization with these machines.
By carefully selecting and designing conveyor chains specifically for pharmaceutical manufacturing, it is possible to meet the stringent requirements of the industry in terms of cleanliness, product integrity, and regulatory compliance.
What are the benefits of using a roller conveyor chain?
A roller conveyor chain offers several advantages in material handling and transportation applications. Here are some of the benefits:
1. Efficient transportation: Roller conveyor chains are designed to smoothly and efficiently transport various types of goods and materials. The rollers provide low-friction movement, reducing the effort required to move the load along the conveyor.
2. Versatility: Roller conveyor chains are versatile and can handle a wide range of products, from small and lightweight items to heavy and bulky loads. They are commonly used in industries such as manufacturing, distribution, logistics, and warehouses.
3. Durability: Roller conveyor chains are typically made from robust materials such as steel, which provides excellent durability and longevity. They can withstand heavy loads, repetitive use, and harsh working environments.
4. Flexibility: Roller conveyor chains can be configured in various layouts to accommodate different space requirements and material flow patterns. They can be straight, curved, inclined, or declined to optimize the flow of goods within the facility.
5. Easy accumulation: Roller conveyor chains allow for efficient accumulation of products without causing damage or jamming. The rollers can be designed with specific spacing and configurations to enable controlled accumulation and release of items along the conveyor line.
6. Minimal maintenance: With proper maintenance and lubrication, roller conveyor chains require minimal upkeep. The design of the chain and rollers reduces the accumulation of debris, making them easier to clean and maintain.
7. Smooth and quiet operation: The use of rollers in the conveyor chain ensures smooth and quiet operation, reducing noise levels in the workplace. This creates a more comfortable and productive working environment.
8. Enhanced safety: Roller conveyor chains are designed with safety in mind. They can be equipped with various safety features such as guards, sensors, and emergency stop mechanisms to ensure the well-being of operators and prevent accidents.
By utilizing a roller conveyor chain, businesses can benefit from improved efficiency, increased durability, flexibility in material handling, and enhanced safety in their operations.
What are the common causes of conveyor chain failures?
Conveyor chain failures can occur due to various reasons, and identifying the root cause is crucial for preventing future issues. Here are some common causes of conveyor chain failures:
- Lack of Lubrication: Insufficient or improper lubrication can lead to increased friction and wear on the chain components, resulting in premature failure.
- Excessive Load: Overloading the conveyor chain beyond its rated capacity can cause excessive stress and strain, leading to chain elongation, deformation, or link breakage.
- Misalignment: Improper alignment of the conveyor chain can cause uneven loading and excessive wear on specific areas, leading to chain failure.
- Environmental Factors: Harsh operating environments, such as high temperatures, corrosive substances, or abrasive materials, can accelerate chain wear and corrosion, leading to failure.
- Foreign Objects: The presence of foreign objects or debris on the conveyor system can interfere with the movement of the chain, causing jamming, binding, or chain damage.
- Poor Maintenance: Inadequate maintenance practices, such as irregular inspections, failure to address minor issues promptly, or neglecting to replace worn components, can contribute to chain failures.
- Incorrect Installation: Improper installation, including incorrect tensioning, misalignment, or using incompatible components, can result in premature chain failure.
- Fatigue and Wear: Continuous operation over time can lead to fatigue and wear in the chain, especially in high-speed or heavy-duty applications, resulting in eventual failure.
Regular maintenance, proper lubrication, adequate training for operators, and adherence to manufacturer guidelines can help mitigate these common causes of conveyor chain failures. Conducting routine inspections, promptly addressing issues, and replacing worn components can also significantly extend the life of the conveyor chain.
editor by CX 2023-11-20
China Good quality 40-1r 50-1r 60-1r 80-1r 08b 10b 12b 16b 20b ISO/ANSI British Standard Customized OEM Short Long Pitch Plate Bush Industrial Transmission Conveyor Roller Chain
Product Description
| Model NO. | 06C/08A/10A/12A/16A/20A/24A/28A/32A/40A/06B/08B/10B/12B/16B/20B/24B/28B/32B/40B-1/2/3 Heavy duty |
| Chain Model | Roller Chains |
| Structure (for Chain) | Roller Chain |
| Specification | GB/T, DIN, ANSI, ISO, BS, JIS. |
| Origin | HangZhou, ZheJiang |
| Color | Solid Color |
| Chain Color | Customized |
Our company
Wolff Chain Co. is 1 of the professional chain manufacturers in China. We focus on reseaching, manufacturing and trading of the chain drive with famous brands — “DOVON” and “DECHO”. We supply OEM services for many famous enterprises such as SUZUKI, XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS., FAW, AGCO, JUMING as well.
Wolff mainly producing the Transmission chains,Conveyor chains,Dragging Chains,Silent chains,Leaf chains,Roller chains,Special chain and many other series of chain products. Our technicians a have improved the chains quality to the world-level. High quality material selection, powerful and precise heat-treatment technology and excellent assembly methods ensure Wolff chains meet the tough and strict requirements for machines and vehicles.
All of our products completely conform to the international standard such as ISO\DIN\ANSI\BS\JIS, etc. Wolff has been successfully certified by ISO9001 Quality Management System,SGS inspection and BV inspection. Wolff chains can be widely applied to many industries including automobile, motorcycle, forklift, wood processing machine, constructure machine, packing machine, food machine,and agricultural equipments. Wolff chains are popular in America,South America,Europe,Middle East, South East Asia and Africa markets.
Our workshop
Our certification
Welcome to our exhibition
FAQ
Q1. What is your terms of packing?
A: Generally, we pack our goods in single color box. If you have special request about packing, pls negotiate with us in advance, we can pack the goods as your request.
Q2. What is your terms of payment?
A: T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We’ll show you the photos of the products and packages
before you pay the balance. Other payments terms, pls negotiate with us in advance, we can discuss.
Q3. What is your terms of delivery?
A: EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF.
Q4. How about your delivery time?
A: Generally, it will take 25 to 30 days after receiving your advance payment. The specific delivery time depends
on the items and the quantity of your order.
Q5. Can you produce according to the samples?
A: Yes, we can produce by your samples or technical drawings. We can build the molds and fixtures.
Q6. What is your sample policy?
A: We can supply the sample if we have ready parts in stock, but the customers have to pay the sample cost and
the courier cost.We welcome sample order.
Q7. Do you test all your goods before delivery?
A: Yes, we have 100% test before delivery
Q8: How do you make our business long-term and good relationship?
1. We keep good quality and competitive price to ensure our customers benefit ;
2. We respect every customer as our friend and we sincerely do business and make friends with them,
| Standard or Nonstandard: | Standard |
|---|---|
| Application: | Textile Machinery, Garment Machinery, Conveyer Equipment, Packaging Machinery, Food Machinery, Marine, Mining Equipment |
| Surface Treatment: | Oil Blooming |
| Structure: | Roller Chain |
| Material: | Carbon Steel |
| Type: | Short Pitch Chain |
| Samples: |
US$ 0/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Can a conveyor chain be used in automotive assembly lines?
Yes, a conveyor chain can be effectively used in automotive assembly lines. Here are the reasons why:
1. Efficient Material Handling:
– Conveyor chains provide a reliable and efficient means of transporting automotive components and parts along the assembly line. They can handle heavy loads and withstand the demanding requirements of automotive manufacturing.
2. Versatility:
– Conveyor chains offer versatility in terms of design and configuration. They can be customized to accommodate various assembly processes, such as body welding, painting, assembly, and final inspection.
3. Precise Positioning:
– Conveyor chains allow precise positioning and synchronization of automotive components, ensuring accurate assembly and alignment during the production process. This helps maintain consistent quality and reduces errors.
4. Automation Integration:
– Conveyor chains can be easily integrated with automation systems in automotive assembly lines. They can work in conjunction with robotic arms, vision systems, and other automated equipment to optimize the production process and improve efficiency.
5. Assembly Line Flexibility:
– Conveyor chains provide flexibility in terms of line configuration and layout. They can be designed to accommodate different assembly line layouts, including straight sections, curves, inclines, and declines, to meet the specific requirements of automotive assembly processes.
6. Space Optimization:
– Conveyor chains help optimize space utilization in automotive assembly plants. They can be designed to navigate around existing equipment and infrastructure, making efficient use of available floor space.
7. Safety:
– Conveyor chains are designed with safety features to protect operators and prevent accidents. Emergency stop controls, guarding, and interlocking mechanisms ensure the safe operation of the assembly line.
8. Increased Production Speed:
– By using conveyor chains, automotive assembly lines can achieve higher production speeds, allowing for faster manufacturing cycles and increased output.
Overall, conveyor chains play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency, productivity, and safety of automotive assembly lines, contributing to the smooth and streamlined production of vehicles.
What are the factors to consider when selecting the pitch of a conveyor chain?
When selecting the pitch of a conveyor chain, several factors need to be considered to ensure optimal performance and efficiency. Here are the key factors:
1. Load Capacity: The pitch of the conveyor chain should be selected based on the anticipated load capacity of the system. Consider the weight and size of the conveyed materials to ensure the chain can handle the required load without exceeding its capacity.
2. Speed and Application: The operating speed of the conveyor system and the specific application play a role in determining the pitch. Higher speeds may require smaller pitch chains to maintain smooth and reliable operation.
3. Conveyor Length: The length of the conveyor system affects the selection of the chain pitch. Longer conveyors may require larger pitch chains to distribute the load and reduce tension on individual chain links.
4. Space Constraints: Consider the available space for the conveyor system. Smaller pitch chains may be preferred in applications with limited space to minimize the overall footprint of the conveyor.
5. Wear and Maintenance: The pitch selection should also consider the anticipated wear and maintenance requirements. Smaller pitch chains often provide better wear resistance and may require less frequent lubrication and maintenance.
6. Speed Regulation: If the conveyor system requires speed regulation or precise positioning, the pitch selection should align with the control capabilities of the drive system. Smaller pitch chains can offer finer control and accuracy.
7. Compatibility: Ensure that the selected pitch is compatible with other components of the conveyor system, including sprockets, guides, and attachments. They should be designed to work together smoothly and efficiently.
8. Application Environment: Consider the environmental conditions in which the conveyor will operate. Factors such as temperature, humidity, corrosive substances, or abrasive materials may influence the choice of chain pitch and material to ensure durability and longevity.
By considering these factors, you can select the appropriate pitch for the conveyor chain, ensuring optimal performance, longevity, and reliable operation of the system.
How can you prevent conveyor chain failures?
Preventing conveyor chain failures is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and reliability of a conveyor system. Here are some key preventive measures:
- Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Implement a routine inspection and maintenance schedule to identify potential issues before they escalate. Regularly inspect the chain for signs of wear, such as elongation, link plate wear, and sprocket tooth wear. Address any visible damage or abnormalities promptly.
- Proper Lubrication: Apply the appropriate lubricant to the conveyor chain to minimize friction and reduce wear. Lubrication helps to prevent metal-to-metal contact, corrosion, and excessive heat generation. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for lubrication frequency and use lubricants suitable for the operating conditions.
- Tensioning: Maintain proper tension in the conveyor chain to ensure optimal performance and reduce the risk of failures. Both over-tensioning and under-tensioning can lead to premature wear or chain damage. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for tensioning and regularly check and adjust the tension as needed.
- Sprocket Maintenance: Inspect and maintain the sprockets that engage with the conveyor chain. Check for any signs of wear or damage on the sprocket teeth and replace them if necessary. Ensure proper alignment between the chain and sprockets to prevent excessive wear and chain skipping.
- Environmental Considerations: Take into account the environmental factors that can affect the conveyor chain’s performance. Protect the chain from exposure to moisture, corrosive substances, excessive heat, or abrasive materials. Implement appropriate safeguards, such as covers or enclosures, to minimize environmental impact on the chain.
- Proper Loading: Ensure that the conveyor chain is not subjected to excessive loads beyond its capacity. Overloading can lead to accelerated wear and chain failures. Adhere to the recommended load limits and guidelines provided by the chain manufacturer.
- Operator Training: Provide proper training to operators and maintenance personnel on the correct operation, maintenance, and safety procedures related to the conveyor chain system. Educate them on identifying potential issues, performing routine inspections, and reporting any abnormalities.
By implementing these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of conveyor chain failures and extend the lifespan of the chain. Regular monitoring and maintenance are essential to ensure the system operates smoothly and safely.
editor by CX 2023-08-17
China Good Quality Ss Straight Plate Roller Chain for Conveyor a2050 roller chain
Product Description
Great Top quality SS Straight Plate Roller Chain For Conveyor
create as per your drawing
High good quality, primary market is Europe
Material: SS304. SS316, SS316L
Straight plate conveyor Chain ,SS conveyor chain, stainless metal conveyor chain, SS304 conveyor chain, SS316 conveyor chain, SS316L conveyor chain, sewage treatment conveyor chain, sewage disposal technique chain, sewage disposal method conveyor chain, sewage therapy machine chain, sewage treatment method device conveyor chain, sewage treatment method device drive chain, sewage disposal machine chain, sewage disposal machine conveyor chain, sewage disposal equipment travel chain, sewage treatment plant conveyor chain, sewage treatment method plant generate chain, sewage treatment equipment conveyor chain, sewage treatment tools travel chain
We export normal chain and also specific chain as for every your drawing or sample
Our stainless steel chain incorporate:
1) Stainless metal roller chains
two) Brief pitch stainless metal conveyor chain attachments
three) Double pitch stainless steel conveyor chains
4) Double pitch stainless metal conveyor chain attachments
five) Stainless metal hollow pin chains
six) Unique chain as for each your drawing or sample
Materials: SS202, SS302, SS410, SS304, SS316, SS316L and so on
Our chain plate have specific therapy and so hardness large and straightness high and tensile toughness higher. We make for popular chain factory in Europe, our top quality is high, if you decide on us,you pick dependable.
Principal Merchandise
Firm Information
HangZhou CZPT Business Co., Ltd. is a specialised provider of a total assortment of chains, sprockets, gears, equipment racks, v belt pulley, timing pulley, V-belts, couplings, machined areas and so on.
Owing to our sincerity in supplying very best support to our customers, understanding of your needs and overriding sense of obligation toward filling ordering specifications, we have obtained the believe in of purchasers around the world. Having accrued cherished encounter in cooperating with international clients, our items are promoting properly in the American, European, South American and Asian marketplaces.Our goods are created by contemporary computerized equipment and products. Meanwhile, our merchandise are created in accordance to higher high quality specifications, and complying with the intercontinental sophisticated standard requirements.
With many years’ encounter in this line, we will be reliable by our rewards in competitive price tag, a single-time shipping and delivery, prompt reaction, on-hand engineering assist and excellent soon after-product sales solutions.
In addition, all our manufacturing processes are in compliance with ISO9001 specifications. We also can layout and make non-common merchandise to meet customers’ specific needs. Good quality and credit are the bases that make a company alive. We will offer ideal solutions and large quality merchandise with all sincerity. If you require any details or samples, make sure you make contact with us and you will have our before long reply.
Packaging & Delivery
Exhibition
Contact Us
|
US $10-20 / Meter | |
100 Meters (Min. Order) |
###
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
|---|---|
| Structure: | Roller Chain |
| Standard or Nonstandard: | Standard |
| Certificate: | ISO 9001:2008 |
| Transport Package: | Standard Seaworthy Packaging |
| Trademark: | MW |
|
US $10-20 / Meter | |
100 Meters (Min. Order) |
###
| Material: | Stainless Steel |
|---|---|
| Structure: | Roller Chain |
| Standard or Nonstandard: | Standard |
| Certificate: | ISO 9001:2008 |
| Transport Package: | Standard Seaworthy Packaging |
| Trademark: | MW |
Advantages and disadvantages of roller chains
If you need to lift heavy objects, you should know how to use a roller chain. Its simple design and simplicity make it ideal for a wide range of applications. This article will discuss the advantages and different types of applications of roller chains. After reading this article, you will be able to choose the type of roller chain that best suits your specific needs. In the next section, we’ll discuss how to deal with it.
Put on
How to measure the wear of a roller chain? There are several methods available, but the most accurate is to use a wear gauge kit. The CZPT Chain Wear Indicator Kit measures chain elongation. Compliant with ANSI and British Standards, this tool is critical to the industry chain and can help you determine when replacement is required. Improper chain maintenance can cause equipment to slip or perform poorly, resulting in unnecessary downtime.
In addition to measuring the elongation of the roller chain, it is also possible to measure the pitch of the rollers. This measurement represents the ANSI #80 standard for roller chains. Vernier calipers can also be used to measure the pitch of chains. This tool is very useful and also acts as a bottle opener. You can even use it as a wear gauge. This way, you can determine if the roller chain needs to be replaced.
The wear resistance of a roller chain can extend its life by 10% or more. However, proper lubrication and general maintenance are essential to ensure the longest lifespan of your chain. The manufacturing process of a roller chain assembly also plays a crucial role in determining its service life. For longer life, you might consider purchasing a heavy-duty series roller chain with thicker side plates and longer pins. If you need greater working load capacity, you can also consider heavy-duty chains.
High-quality components are critical to the longevity of the roller chain. High-quality roller chain components require precise heat treatment processes. The use of proprietary steel allows the company to manufacture more durable drums. The pins are manufactured to tight tolerances and then undergo a centerless grinding process. This process removes any surface defects, resulting in a mirror finish on the pins. The uniformity of this surface finish also ensures that the load is evenly distributed on the pins, extending the life of the chain.
Material
Among the materials used in roller chains, carbon steel and alloy steel are the most common. However, stainless steel is used in food processing equipment and applications that require lubrication. Other materials used for roller chains include nylon and brass. For more information, see the USACE Material Specification Sheet for more information. You can also find information about the performance of a roller chain by its design. But before choosing one of these materials, consider its pros and cons.
Stainless steel is an excellent choice for roller chains. It is corrosion-resistant and can operate in extreme temperatures without cracking. Stainless steel is a non-magnetic material that can operate in a temperature range of -200 degrees to +700 degrees Fahrenheit. In addition to its corrosion-resistant properties, stainless steel can withstand a variety of environments and can be used in heavy-duty applications. The MEGA series is the strongest stainless steel roller chain in the world.
Application
As the name suggests, a roller chain has 5 basic components: pins, bushings, rollers, and pin chainplates. These components are precision engineered to ensure optimum performance and durability. Typical applications include drives and conveyor belts. The various components of the roller chain can be customized to specific needs. Read on to learn more about how these parts work together. This article presents the advantages and disadvantages of different types of roller chains and discusses their applications.
A roller chain is a form of chain drive consisting of short cylindrical rollers connected together by side links and gears called sprockets. While these devices are simple, they have some limitations. In most cases, sprockets must be designed with a maximum tensile load on one tooth to prevent premature chain failure. Therefore, these chains are less efficient than belt drives with higher inertia.
Roller chains are usually made of carbon or alloy steel, although stainless steel is often used where food processing machinery and lubrication are problematic. Sometimes, nylon and brass are used. The maximum running speed of the roller chain is important for some applications, but it also provides economic benefits for users and manufacturers. The maximum running speed of a roller chain is usually governed by a wear limit, which can vary by application.
The global roller chain market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 5.4% over the next six years. The research report covers the competitive landscape and key factors influencing the market. The report also analyzes the growth potential, product utilization, and pricing models of key vendors. It also covers the SWOT analysis of the key players in the industry. The study provides a comprehensive market analysis of all these factors and more. It also highlights key players and their strategies and identifies the fastest growing regions for their products and services.
Maintain
Because rollers are exposed to a variety of environments, including snow, rain, and muddy roads, regular maintenance is required to prevent damage. Because they must encounter these elements frequently, frequent inspections are important to prevent rust and other damage. Also, avoid pouring acidic or alkaline cleaning products on the roller chain. Instead, use hot water with hand sanitizer or a disposable toothbrush to clean the rollers. Washing the chain directly with water has little effect.
For small rollers, the workload during the break-in period should not be too large, otherwise, it will cause overheating. The small drum should also be inspected frequently for any unusual appearance, which may indicate that the system is not functioning properly. In this case, the operation must be suspended. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or a facility fire. Additionally, a properly lubricated roller chain is essential to ensure long-term performance.
The surface of the roller is often rusted and scratched. Over time, these little scars can spread to the drive, damaging it. Also, the chain may not be properly spaced and timed. Therefore, it is very important to check regularly to ensure that the chain is in top condition. When the chain wears to 3% or more, the entire roller chain needs to be replaced. Failure to do so may damage the drive, the roller sprocket, or the entire chain.
Given the chain’s processing environment, lubrication is critical to its performance. If the chain is lubricated, it must be re-lubricated frequently. However, lubricated roller chains are susceptible to contamination, especially in the biomass industry. In these environments, airborne organic particles and debris from the biomass industry can contaminate lubricated roller chains. This is why maintenance is important for lubricating roller chains.
Preloading
The benefits of preloading roller chains are well documented. In general, preloading eliminates the initial elongation of the roller chain, increasing its service life. Preloading is an effective way to achieve this, and a preloading chart can help illustrate the benefits of this process. Chains with little or no preload will stretch significantly during drive start, while chains will stretch rapidly as the surface hardness of the wear parts increases. Additionally, a properly preloaded chain has little or no elongation during the initial start-up of the drive, extending wear life.
Premium manufacturers apply the preload concept during their production phase, aligning all major components at the same time. This approach helps eliminate elongation issues that lead to rapid degradation of the roller chain. If this is not checked, the chain drive will stretch immediately over time. To avoid these problems, it is important to purchase a high-quality preloaded roller chain from a reputable source.
The heat treatment process is an effective way to prevent excessive wear of the roller chain. Heat treatment is a complex process that takes place in a factory during manufacturing. This process helps the rollers maintain high hardness and depth, preventing breakage. When buying a roller chain, make sure that the chain is heat treated and that the chain is manufactured to a high degree of precision. It also ensures that the product can be used for a long time.
In addition to performance benefits, preloading can also reduce initial elongation. A preloaded roller chain will exhibit near linear elongation, whereas a non-preloaded chain will experience rapid elongation. Therefore, they will reach the recommended 3% elongation earlier. Make sure the chain is properly lubricated. Also, consider how the chain is arranged. This is critical for optimal longevity.
editor by czh 2022-12-19